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AGROProjects monitors the research and development of new agrochemical products, including active ingredients and combinations, from the patent disclosure stage through to full commercialization or discontinuation.

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Subject Coverage [top]

AGROProjects is designed to meet the competitor intelligence needs of the agrochemical industry. It is relevant to R&D, sales, marketing, business development and technical professionals, enabling these key functions to track the progress of new agrochemical product developments, assess the potential impact on their businesses and to identify new licensing opportunities.

The profiles summarize information on new products including sections on names and code numbers, development background, chemical structures, chemical synthesis routes, physicochemical properties, environmental fate, toxicology and ecotoxicology, formulations, biological activity and mode of action, application rates, registration status, literature and patent references.

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AGROProjects is compiled from published and unpublished sources. A significant amount of material is derived directly from the companies involved in agrochemical R&D. The companies are contacted on a regular basis to respond on specific questions and to allow them the opportunity to comment on the profiles relevant to their activities. In addition, the AGROProjects staff attend international meetings to obtain information from academic and commercial sources.

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• AGROProjects

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• Complete Text

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• International

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• None

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• KWIC and HILIGHT Available
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For Dialog's Electronic Redistribution and Archive Policy, enter HELP ERA online. The following terms and conditions also apply.

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SAMPLE RECORD [top]

	DIALOG(R)File 235:AGROProjects 1990-2002/Q1
	(c) 2005 Informa UK Ltd. All rts. reserv.
AA=	0000000338   W0032L
/TI	PYRITHIOBAC-SODIUM
/CO,CO=,/LO,LO=	ORIGINATOR:     Kumiai Chemical; Ihara Chemical
/CO,CO=,/OW,OW=	OWNER:          Kumiai Chemical; Ihara Chemical
/CO,CO=,/CE,CE=	CO-DEVELOPER:   DuPont
/CO,CO=,/LI,LI=	LICENSEE:       FMC
/DN,DN=,/NA,NA=	PRODUCT NAME:   pyrithiobac-sodium
/TN,TN=,/NA,NA=,/SY,SY=	BRAND NAME:     Staple
/SY,SY=	CODE NUMBER:    KIH 2031; KIH 8921; DPX PE350
/CN,CN=	CHEM NAME:      IUPAC: Sodium 2-chloro-6-((4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)thio)benzoate
	CAS: 2-chloro-6-((4,6-dimethoxypyrimidinyl)thio)benzoic acid sodium salt
CT=	CHEM TYPE:      Pyrimidinyl-carboxy
MF=	MOL FORMULA:    C13H10ClN2NaO4S
MA=	MODE OF ACTION: ALS/AHAS inhibitor
ST=	PROD STATUS:    Launched
FS=	FILE SEGMENT:   WEEDProjects
DT=	DOC TYPE:       Main compound
LA=	LANGUAGE:       ENGLISH
/TX	TEXT:
	PRODUCT SUMMARY:
	Pyrithiobac-sodium is a selective herbicide for use against broadleaf weeds
	and some grasses in cotton, including bromoxynil-resistant varieties. The
	compound is novel in terms of its chemistry and its use. Pyrithiobac-sodium
	can safely be applied pre- and post-crop emergence. It is the first cotton
	herbicide to become available for use over the top of the crop. It was
	discovered by Kumiai Chemical and is being jointly developed by Kumiai and
	DuPont. DuPont has US, Latin American and Australian rights. DuPont has
	licensed FMC to sell pyrithiobac-sodium in spray programmes with its
	herbicide, clomazone (Command) in the US. Kumiai may also license-out the
	product in other markets and reports that it has no plans to launch
	proprietary pre-mixes.
	The product was registered in the US, by DuPont, in September 1995 - the
	first post-emergence cotton herbicide to be approved by the EPA. It has
	since been launched in Australia, Israel and in a number of countries in
	South America including an approval in Bolivia in 2000.
	PHYSICOCHEMICAL DATA:
	PHYSICAL FORM: Solid MELTING POINT: 233.8-234.2 oC (dec)
	SOLUBILITY: Water very soluble
	MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY:
	Acute oral (rat) LD50 >3,200 mg/kg Acute dermal (rat) LD50 >2,000 mg/kg
	Acute inhalation (rat) LC50 6.9 mg/litre
	Subacute dermal (21 day, rat) NOAEL = 500 mg/kg/day
	Subchronic (90d, rat) NOAEL = 31.8 mg/kg/day (males), 40.5 mg/kg/day
	(females)
	Subchronic (90 day, mouse) NOAEL = 83.1 mg/kg/day (males), 112 mg/kg/day
	(females)
	Subchronic (90 day, dog) NOAEL = 160.8 mg/kg/day (males), 167.8 mg/kg/day
	(females)
	Chronic (1 year, dog) NOAEL = 143 mg/kg/day (males), 639 mg/kg/day
	(females)
	Chronic (78 week mouse) NOAEL = 217 mg/kg/day (males), 319 mg/kg/day
	(females)
	Chronic (2 yr, rat) NOAEL = 58.7 mg/kg/day (males), 278 mg/kg/day (females)
	Developmental toxicity (rat) NOAEL = 200 mg/kg/day (maternal) NOAEL = 600
	mg/kg/day (developmental)
	Developmental toxicity (rabbit) NOEL = 300 mg/kg/day (maternal and
	developmental),
	Reference dose RfD = 0.58 mg/kg/day based on the chronic rat study.
	Other: Non-irritating to skin, EPA toxicity category II for acute eye
	irritation, not a skin sensitiser, non-mutagenic, non-teratogenic,
	non-genotoxic. Not a neurotoxin. No evidence of endocrine effects. Based on
	the rat and mouse chronic/carcinogenicity studies, pyrithiobac sodium was
	classified by the US EPA as a Group C (possible human carcinogen with
	limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animals)
	Metabolism studies: in rats dosed with radiolabelled pyrithiobac-sodium,
	over 90% of the applied dose was excreted in the urine and faeces within 48
	hours. The major excreted metabolite was the desmethyl analogue arising
	from pyrimidinyl ring demethylation. The same product is the principal
	metabolite identified in cotton foliage. A further metabolite,
	2-chloro-6-sulfobenzoic acid was identified in cotton metabolism studies
	and was attributed to soil degradation. There is no evidence that the
	metabolites identified in plant or animal studies are of any toxicological
	significance.
	ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE:
	Rainbow trout LC50 >1,000 mg/litre Bluegill sunfish LC50 >930 mg/litre
	Fate in soil:
	Pyrithiobac-sodium is degraded primarily by soil microbes. It has a soil
	half-life of approximately 60 days.
	Fate in aquatic systems:
	Pyrithiobac-sodium is degraded photochemically in water.
	FORMULATIONS:
	Type                           AI concn
	Solution concentrate (SL)      28% (w/v)
	Water-soluble powder (WP)      85% (w/w)
	PRIMARY TARGETS:
	Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus spp, Ipomoea spp, Sesbania exaltata, Sida
	spinosa, Solanum nigrum, S sarrachoides, Xanthium strumarium
	CROP USES:
	Cotton
	APPLICATION RATES:
	Cotton: 35 g ai/ha (pre-emergence)
	70 g ai/ha (post-emergence)
	ACTIVITY SUMMARY:
	Pyrithiobac-sodium is primarily a post-emergence herbicide though it can be
	used from pre- to post-emergence since the compound exhibits residual
	activity. It is taken up rapidly by roots and shoots and has greatest
	activity when applied at the 1-3 leaf stage of the weeds. Death occurs
	10-14 days after application. Activity is enhanced by the addition of
	adjuvants such as: non-ionic surfactants; silicon-type adjuvants; and crop
	oil concentrates. Tank mixes with bromoxynil and/or glyphosate have
	extended pyrithiobac sodium's weed control spectrum and it is suitable for
	use on cotton genetically modified to be tolerant to these herbicides.
	Pyrithiobac has, however, been shown to be antagonistic to some other
	herbicides in tank mixes. FMC recommends that pyrithiobac-sodium is applied
	with clomazone pre-emergence, or early post-emergence following clomazone.
	When applied post-emergence, pyrithiobac-sodium does not damage the cotton
	crop at the recommended use rate. Some chlorosis and stunting has been
	observed, but the quality and yield of cotton is not affected. It is safe
	to rotational crops. Early-season insecticides can be applied in mixtures
	or in sequence with pyrithiobac-sodium without crop injury, although some
	weakening of the cotton fibre has been observed. In field trials,
	pyrithiobac-sodium gave better control of weeds than commercial standards
	at lower application rates.
	FIELD TRIAL DATA:
	Cotton
	15th CWSRC 1991
	WSWS 1992
	Weed Technol 1993, 1996
	Weed Sci 1994, 1998
	Beltwide Cotton Conferences 1995
	Beltwide Cotton Conferences 1997
	Beltwide Cotton Conferences 1998
	MEETINGS:
	1991: BCPC (pp 57-62); 15th Cotton Weed Science Research Conference (pp
	957-958)
	1992: WSWS 45
	1994: WSWS 47; 8th IUPAC
	1995: Beltwide Cotton Conferences (pp 599-601, 607)
	1996: WSWS 49
	1997: Beltwide Cotton Conferences (pp 15-16, 765-776, 795)
	1998: Beltwide Cotton Conferences (pp 840-846, 855-858, 860-862, 866-868)
	STATUS (Regional):
/ST,/TX	COUNTRY            BRAND NAME         CROPS--STATUS--DATE
	Australia          Staple             Cotton--Launched--1996
	Bolivia            Staple             Cotton--Approved--2000
	Brazil             Staple             Cotton--Launched--1997
	Colombia           Staple             Cotton--Approved--1996
	Israel             Staple             Cotton--Launched--1999
	Mexico             Staple             Cotton--Launched--1996
	Pakistan           Staple             Cotton--Launched--1998
	US                 Staple             Cotton--Launched--1996
	REFERENCES:
	Weed Science 42 pp 227-232 (1994); 44 pp 241-247 (1996); 46 pp 111-115
	(1998)
	Weed Technology 7 pp 92-95, 619-24, 930-933 (1993); 10 pp 7-12 (1996)

BASIC INDEX [top]

¹ Searchable in the Basic Index and in the Additional Indexes.

² Includes Owner, Originator, Co-Developer, and Licensee.

³ Also searchable as /CO and CO=

⁴ Use the (S) operator to link a Country with Status.

⁵ Includes Product Name, Chemical Name, Brand Name, Synonyms, and Code Number.

⁶ Includes Code Number and a Brand Name.

⁷ Also searchable as /NA and NA=

⁸ Also searchable as /NA, /SY, NA=, SY=

⁹ Also searchable as /TX.

¹⁰ Display depends on the Document Type.

¹¹ Includes company information.

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Rates For File: AGROProjects[235]
Cost per DialUnit:                $48.00
Cost per minute:                  $10.30

Format    Types   Prints
     1    $0.00    $0.00
     2   $35.00   $35.00
     3   $35.00   $35.00
     4   $35.00   $35.00
     5   $35.00   $35.00
     6    $0.00    $0.00
     7   $35.00   $35.00
     8    $0.00    $0.00
     9   $35.00   $35.00
    14   $35.00   $35.00
    19   $35.00   $35.00
KWIC95   $35.00       NA
KWIC96   $35.00       NA