MEDLINE® [154,155]

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	154,155
MEDLINE®
ONTAP® MEDLINE (FILE 254)

Last Loaded on Web: Wednesday, May 01, 2013

Last Update To Bluesheet: February 27, 2013

Bluesheet Contents PDF version

File Description	Print Counterparts	Geographic Coverage	Terms and Conditions	Limit	Predefined Format Options
Subject Coverage	Dialog File Data	Special Features	Sample Record	Sort	Rates
Sources	Related Search Aids	DIALINDEX/OneSearch Categories	Basic Index	Rank
Tips	Document Types Indexed	Contact	Additional Indexes	Map

File Description [top]

MEDLINE (Medical Literature, Analysis, and Retrieval System Online), produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), is the U.S. National Library of Medicine's premier bibliographic database that contains more than 15 million references to journal articles in life sciences with a concentration on biomedicine. The broad coverage of the database includes basic biomedical research and the clinical sciences since 1950 including nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, allied health, and pre-clinical sciences. MEDLINE also covers life sciences that are vital to biomedical practitioners, researchers, and educators, including some aspects of biology, environmental science, marine biology, plant and animal science as well as biophysics and chemistry. Increased coverage of life sciences began in 2000. The database also includes records that cover the field of space life science and date from 1961 to the present. Examples of these records include basic bone and muscle physiology, psychological effects of isolation, and gravitational effects on plants.

MEDLINE is indexed using NLM's controlled vocabulary, MeSH^® (Medical Subject Headings). An online thesaurus is available to aid in locating MeSH^® descriptors.

Abstracts, which are taken directly from the published articles, are included for more than 62% of the records added from 1975 forward. Records added before 1975 do not contain abstracts; records added from 1985 to the present have abstracts for about 70% of the records. Approximately 400,000 records are added per year, of which more than 76% are in English.

Records that previously would have been added to AIDSLINE, HealthSTAR, and Toxline are now part of the MEDLINE database. MEDLINE also contains In Process records (formerly known as PreMEDLINE) and In Data Review records. In addition, more than 100,000 records from POPLINE, formerly a standalone database available through NLM, were added to MEDLINE in 2003. These records cover family planning, contraception, fertility, and population issues with data from 1980 to 2000.

Tips [top]

USE THE (L) OPERATOR

to link descriptors and subheadings:

S ANTIOXIDANTS(L)PD

USE EXPLODE (!)

to search narrower descriptors in the MeSH vocabulary:

S INSULIN!

USE THE ONLINE THESAURUS

to check and select MeSH thesaurus terms:

E (MIGRAINE DISORDERS)

USE RECORD TYPE (RT=) FIELD

to identify completed records

S RT=COMPLETED

SELECT SF=OLDMEDLINE IN FILE 155

to isolate records from 1950 to 1965.

USE MAP

to take CAS® Registry Numbers to another file:

MAP RN TEMP S1

USE LIMITS

/HUMAN for human subjects /ENG for English-language articles

Subject Coverage [top]

MEDLINE covers virtually every area in the broad field of biomedicine, including, but not limited to, the following:

Clinical Medicine
Experimental Medicine
Dentistry
Nursing
Hospital Literature
Paramedical Professions
Communication Disorders
Population and Reproductive Biology
Pharmacology and Pharmaceuticals
Psychiatry and Psychology
Education of Health Professionals
Health Services Administration
Environment and Public Health
Veterinary Medicine
Behavioral and Mental Disorders
Health Occupations
Occupational Medicine
Nutrition
Pathology
Anatomy and Physiology
Toxicology
Medical Specialties (e.g., Cardiology, Neurology, Endocrinology, Pediatrics, Surgery, etc.)

Sources [top]

MEDLINE includes citations from 4,300 worldwide journals in 30 languages; 40 languages for older journals cited back to 1950. About 52% of current cited articles are published in the U.S.; nearly 86% are published in English; about 76% have English abstracts written by authors of the articles. Citations for MEDLINE are created by the NLM, international partners, and cooperating professional organizations.

Print Counterparts [top]

Index Medicus
Index to Dental Literature
International Nursing Index

Dialog File Data [top]

Dates Covered:	1990 to the present (File 154) 1950 to the present (File 155) Selected records from 2001 (File 254)
File Size:	More than 13M records as of March 2013 (File 154) More than 22M records as of March 2013 (File 155) 56,989 records from 2001 (File 254)
Update Frequency:	Daily (Approximately 4,500 records per update) (File 154) Daily (Approximately 4,500 records per update) (File 155) Closed (File 254)

Related Search Aids [top]

The following search aids are available in the Dialog Library:

Document Types Indexed [top]

Journal Articles

Geographic Coverage [top]

International

Geographic Restrictions [top]

None.

Special Features [top]

ERA Available
Graduate Education Program
KWIC and HILIGHT Available
DIALOG Alert Available
Remove Duplicates (RD, ID) Available
Online Thesaurus
MAP Available

DialIndex/OneSearch Categories [top]

ACRONYM	CATEGORY NAME
ALTMED	Alternative Medicine
BIOCHEM	Biochemistry
BIOSCI	Biosciences
BIOTECH	Biotechnology
CASREGNO	CAS(R) Registry Numbers-Chemical and Medical Files
HEALTH	Health
MEDDEV	Medical Devices
MEDENG	Medical Engineering
MEDICINE	Medicine
NURSING	Nursing and Health Administration
NUTRIT	Nutrition
PHARM	Pharmacology
PHARMR	Pharmacology + RINGDOC-Files
RNMED	CAS(R) Registry Numbers - Medical Files
SAFETY	Safety
TOXICOL	Toxicology
VETSCI	Veterinary Science

Contact [top]

MEDLINE is produced by the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Questions concerning file content should be directed to:

National Library of Medicine
Customer Services Section
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894

Telephone:	301-594-5983
800 Line:	888-346-3656
Fax:	301-402-1384
E-Mail:	custserv@nlm.nih.gov

Terms and Conditions [top]

MEDLINE is a registered trademark of the National Library of Medicine. ONTAP is a registered trademark of Dialog LLC.

For Dialog's Redistribution and Archive Policy, enter HELP ERA online. The following terms and conditions also apply.

Some material in the NLM databases are from copyrighted publications of the respective copyright claimants. Users of the NLM databases are solely responsible for compliance with any copyright restrictions and are referred to the publication data appearing in the bibliographic citations, as well as to the copyright notices appearing in the original publications, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

NLM represents that the data provided under this Agreement were formulated with a reasonable standard of care. Except for this representation, and as otherwise specifically provided in this Agreement, NLM makes no representation or warranties, expressed or implied. This includes, but is not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to the NLM datbases, and NLM specifically disclaims any such warranties and representations.

NLM grants permission for users who search NLM databases on DIALOG to retrieve citations/records and store them in personal files for subsequent use or transmit them to other individuals for their subsequent use, as long as this use does not constitute a substitute for searching the databases. The Library would be concerned if searchers were retaining records and using them over the years, since this "file" would not benefit from the error correction, maintenance, and other quality control measures that the Library requires as part of its license agreement. NLM requires no payment for such use of its records. Users contemplating more extensive redistribution should be referred to the copyright clause in the license agreement. NLM does not require payment for this use of the records.

Dialog Standard Terms & Conditions apply.

SAMPLE RECORD [top]

	`MEDLINE(R)`
	`(c) format only 2006 Dialog. All rights reserved.`
AA=	`20708793 � PMID: 16636172`
/TI	`Akt1 is required for physiological cardiac growth.`

AU=	`DeBosch Brian; Treskov Iya; Lupu Traian S; Weinheimer Carla; Kovacs Attila;`
	`Courtois Michael; Muslin Anthony J`
CS=	`Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University`
	`School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.`
JN=,CP=,PY=,SO=	`Circulation ( United States ) � May 2 2006 , � 113 (17) p2097-104 ,`
� SN=	`ISSN: 1524-4539--Electronic`
JC=	`Journal Code: 0147763`
CN=	`� Contract/Grant No.: HL-057278; HL; NHLBI; HL-61567; HL; NHLBI; P30 DK52574;`
	`DK; NIDDK; T32-HL07873; HL; NHLBI`
NT=	`Publishing Model Print-Electronic; Comment in Circulation. 2006 May 2;113(17)`
	`2032-4; Comment in PMID 16651482`
DT=	`Document type: Journal Article`
LA=	`Languages: ENGLISH`
OA=	`Main Citation Owner: NLM`
RT=	`Record type: MEDLINE; Completed`
SF=	`Subfile: � AIM; INDEX MEDICUS`
/AB	`BACKGROUND: Postnatal growth of the heart chiefly involves nonproliferative cardiomyocyte`
	`enlargement. Cardiac hypertrophy exists in a "physiological" form that is an adaptive`
	`response to long-term exercise training and as a "pathological" form that often is a`
	`maladaptive response to provocative stimuli such as hypertension and aortic valvular`
	`stenosis. A signaling cascade that includes the protein kinase Akt regulates the growth`
	`and survival of many cell types, but the precise role of Akt1 in either form of cardiac`
	`hypertrophy is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: To evaluate the role of Akt1 in physiological`
	`cardiac growth, akt1(-/-) adult murine cardiac myocytes (AMCMs) were treated with IGF-1,`
	`and akt1(-/-) mice were subjected to exercise training. akt1(-/-) AMCMs were resistant to`
	`insulin-like growth factor-1-stimulated protein synthesis. The akt1(-/-) mice were found`
	`to be resistant to swimming training-induced cardiac hypertrophy. To evaluate the role of`
	`Akt in pathological cardiac growth, akt1(-/-) AMCMs were treated with endothelin-1, and`
	`akt1(-/-) mice were subjected to pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction.`
	`Surprisingly, akt1(-/-) AMCMs were sensitized to endothelin-1-induced protein synthesis,`
	`and akt1(-/-) mice developed an exacerbated form of cardiac hypertrophy in response to`
	`transverse aortic constriction. CONCLUSIONS: These results establish Akt1 as a pivotal`
	`regulatory switch that promotes physiological cardiac hypertrophy while antagonizing`
	`pathological hypertrophy.`
/DE	`Descriptors: Heart--growth and development--GD; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt --`
	`physiology --PH ; Animals; Cardiomegaly--prevention and control--PC; Endothelin-1`
	`--pharmacology--PD; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I--pharmacology--PD; Mice; Mice, Inbred`
	`C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Myocytes, Cardiac--pathology--PA; Myosin Heavy Chains--genetics`
	`--GE; Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB--genetics--GE; Protein Biosynthesis; RNA, Messenger`
	`--analysis --AN; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled--physiology--PH; Research Support, N.I.H.,`
	`Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Signal Transduction; Swimming`
/ID,RN=	`CAS Registry No.: 0 (Endothelin-1); 0 (Myosin Heavy Chains); 0 (RNA, Messenger); 0`
	`(Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled); 67763-96-6 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor I)`
/ID,EC=	`Enzyme No.: EC 2.7.1.37 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt); EC 3.6.1.- (Nonmuscle Myosin`
	`Type IIB); EC 3.6.1.- (nonmuscle myosin type IIB heavy chain)`
UP=	`Record Date Created: 20060502`
RC=	`Record Date Completed: 20060512`
	`Date of Electronic Publication: 20060424`

BASIC INDEX [top]

SEARCH SUFFIX	DISPLAY CODE	FIELD NAME	INDEXING	SELECT EXAMPLES
None	None	All Basic Index Fields	Word	S NUCLEAR(W)BINDING(W)PROTEIN?
/AB	AB	Abstract¹	Word	S CARDIAC(W)HYPERTROPHY/AB
/DE	DE	Descriptor²	Word & Phrase	S SIGNAL(W)TRANSDUCTION/DE S RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S.?/DE
/GS	GS	Check Tag³	Word	S MALE/GS
/ID	ID	Identifier^4,5,6,7	Word & Phrase	S ANTI(W)ARRHYTHMIA(W)AGENT?/ID S CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS/ID
/NM	NM	Named Person	Word & Phrase	S RICHER(W)PAUL/NM S RICHER PAUL/NM
/TI	TI	Title	Word	S AKT1(1W)REQUIRED(F)GROWTH/TI

¹Abstracts are present for about 75% of records added beginning 1975. There are no abstracts for pre-1975 records.

²Also /DE*, /DF, /DF*. Most OLDMEDLINE records (1950-1965) in File 155 have at least one MeSH term.

³As of 2006, the only remaining Check Tags are: Male and Female.

⁴Beginning in June 1980. Also /IF.

⁵CAS Registry Number, Enzyme Commission Number, Gene Symbol, Enzyme Name, and Chemical Name display in /ID.

⁶Gene Symbol included 1991-1995; searchable using /DE or /ID; displayable either in the DE field or in the ID field.

⁷Chemical Names and Enzyme Names are searchable in /ID. CAS Registry Numbers and Enzyme Commission Numbers are searchable as RN= and EC= respectively, and the display includes the names(s) in parentheses.

ADDITIONAL INDEXES [top]

SEARCH PREFIX	DISPLAY CODE	FIELD NAME	INDEXING	SELECT EXAMPLES
AA=	AA	PubMed Unique Identifier (PMID)	Phrase	S AA=16636172
None	AN	DIALOG Accession Number
AU=	AU	Author⁸	Phrase	S AU=DEBOSCH B?
CN=	CN	Contract/Grant Number⁹	Phrase	S CN=HL-057278
CP=	CP	Country of Publication	Phrase	S CP=UNITED STATES
CS=	CS	Corporate Source¹⁰	Word	S CS=(CENTER(1W)CARDIOVASCULAR)
DC=	None	MeSH Descriptor Code¹¹	Phrase	S DC=A7.541.?
DT=	DT	Document Type	Phrase	S DT=JOURNAL ARTICLE
EC=	EC	Enzyme Commission Number⁷	Phrase	S EC=2.7.1.37
None	EP	Date of Electronic Publication
JC=	JC	NLM Journal Code	Phrase	S JC=0147763
JN=	JN	Journal Name¹²	Phrase	S JN=CIRCULATION
LA=	LA	Language	Phrase	S LA=ENGLISH
MI=	MI	Mission Name	Phrase	S MI=FLIGHT EXPERIMENT
NT=	NT	Note/Comment¹³	Word	S NT=(ABDOMINAL(W)IMAGING)
OA=	OA	Main Citation Owner	Phrase	S OA=NLM
OB=	OB	Other Citation Owner	Phrase	S OB=KIE
OC=	OC	Abstract Source	Phrase	S OC=NASA
PY=	PY	Publication Year	Phrase	S PY=2006
RC=	RC	Record Date Completed	Phrase	S RC=20060512
None	RF	Number of References
RI=	RI	Record Identifier	Phrase	S RI=00005178
RN=	RN	CAS(R) Registry Number⁷	Phrase	S RN=67763-96-6
RT=	RT	Record Type	Phrase	S RT=COMPLETED
SF=	SF	Subfile	Phrase	S SF=INDEX MEDICUS
SN=	SN	International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)	Phrase	S SN=1524-4539
SO=	SO	Source Information¹⁴	Word	S SO=(CIRCULATION AND 2006)
SQ=	SQ	Molecular Sequence Databank Number¹⁵	Word	S SQ=(GENBANK(W)AB002182)
UD=	None	Update	Phrase	S UD=9999
UP=	UP	Record Date Created¹⁶	Phrase	S UP=20060502

⁸Truncate after the first initial for comprehensive retrieval.

⁹Beginning in 1981.

¹⁰Beginning in 1988.

¹¹You can also EXPLODE the Descriptor term by SELECTing the term followed by an exclamation point, e.g., S HEART! Descriptor Codes do not display in records.

¹²Journal Names are searchable as the full name and the abbreviated name, displayable as the full name.

¹³Beginning in 1989.

¹⁴Search and Display include Journal Name, Volume, Issue, Pagination, and Publication Year.

¹⁵Beginning in 1996.

¹⁶The date that the processing of the record by NLM began.

LIMIT [top]

SUFFIX	FIELD NAME	EXAMPLES
/ABS	Abstract Present	S S1/ABS
/ENG	English-Language Records	S S2/ENG
/HUMAN	Human Subject	S ECHOCARDIOGRAM/HUMAN
/MAJ	Major Descriptor	S HEART/MAJ
/NOABS	No Abstract Present	S AORTA(L)GD/NOABS
/NONENG	Non-English-language records	S S3/NONENG
/YYYY	Publication Year	S S4/2004:2006

SORT [top]

SORTABLE FIELDS	EXAMPLES
AU, CS, JN, PY, TI	SORT S1/ALL/JN,D

RANK [top]

RANK FIELDS	EXAMPLES
All phrase- and numeric-indexed fields in the Additional Indexes can be ranked. Other RANK codes include: DE, ID	RANK ID RANK AU

MAP [top]

MAP FIELDS	EXAMPLES
RN	MAP RN TEMP S1

USER-DEFINED FORMAT OPTIONS [top]


User-defined formats can be specified using the display codes indicated in the Search Options tables.	TYPE S3/AU,TI/1-5

PREDEFINED FORMAT OPTIONS [top]

NO.	DIALOGWEB FORMAT	RECORD CONTENT
1	--	DIALOG Accession Number
2	--	Full Record except Abstract
3	Medium	Bibliographic Citation
4	--	Full Record with Tagged Fields¹
5	--	Full Record¹
6	Short	Title and Publication Year
7	Long	Bibliographic Citation and Abstract¹
8	Free	Title, Indexing and Publication Year
9	Full	Full Record¹
K	--	KWIC (Key Word In Context) displays a window of text; may be used alone or with other formats

DIRECT RECORD ACCESS [top]

FIELD NAME	EXAMPLES
DIALOG Accession Number	TYPE 9481918/AU,TI,SO DISPLAY 7828133/7 PRINT 9631772/9

Rates [top]

Rates For File: MEDLINE^® (1990-present)[154]
Cost per DialUnit:                 $4.24
Cost per minute:                   $0.75
Rank Elements                      $0.00
ALERT (default)                    $2.75
ALERT (Monthly)                   $17.00
ALERT (Biweekly/twice a month) *  $12.25
ALERT (Weekly)                     $8.00
ALERT (Daily)                      $2.75
ALERT (Calendar weekly)        *   $8.00
ALERT (Intraday)               *   $2.75
* = custom scheduled Alerts only
ALERT Number of included prints        0

Format    Types   Prints
     1    $0.00    $0.00
     2    $0.33    $0.33
     3    $0.33    $0.33
     4    $0.35    $0.35
     5    $0.35    $0.35
     6    $0.00    $0.00
     7    $0.33    $0.33
     8    $0.00    $0.00
     9    $0.35    $0.35
KWIC95    $0.08       NA
KWIC96    $0.08       NA

REDIST/COPY Multiplier Table:

      Range      Multiplier
        1-2       1.00
       3-25       1.50
     26-100       3.00
    101-200       4.00
    201-500       6.00
   501-1000       8.00
 1001 or more    10.00

ARCHIVE Multiplier Table:

      Range      Multiplier
       1-25       1.50
     26-200       3.00
    201-500       6.00
   501-1000       8.00
 1001 or more    10.00

Rates For File: MEDLINE^® (1950-present)[155]
Cost per DialUnit:                 $4.24
Cost per minute:                   $0.75
Rank Elements                      $0.00
ALERT (default)                    $2.75
ALERT (Monthly)                   $17.00
ALERT (Biweekly/twice a month) *  $12.25
ALERT (Weekly)                     $8.00
ALERT (Daily)                      $2.75
ALERT (Calendar weekly)        *   $8.00
ALERT (Intraday)               *   $2.75
* = custom scheduled Alerts only
ALERT Number of included prints        0

Format    Types   Prints
     1    $0.00    $0.00
     2    $0.33    $0.33
     3    $0.33    $0.33
     4    $0.35    $0.35
     5    $0.35    $0.35
     6    $0.00    $0.00
     7    $0.33    $0.33
     8    $0.00    $0.00
     9    $0.35    $0.35
KWIC95    $0.09       NA
KWIC96    $0.09       NA

REDIST/COPY Multiplier Table:

      Range      Multiplier
        1-2       1.00
       3-25       1.50
     26-100       3.00
    101-200       4.00
    201-500       6.00
   501-1000       8.00
 1001 or more    10.00

ARCHIVE Multiplier Table:

      Range      Multiplier
       1-25       1.50
     26-200       3.00
    201-500       6.00
   501-1000       8.00
 1001 or more    10.00

Rates For File: ONTAP^® MEDLINE^®[254]
Cost per DialUnit:                 $0.00
Cost per minute:                   $0.00
Report Elements                    $0.00
LOB Reports                        $0.00
SHARE Reports                      $0.00
CROSSTAB Report Records            $0.00
Rank Elements                      $0.00

Format    Types   Prints
     1    $0.00    $0.00
     2    $0.00    $0.00
     3    $0.00    $0.00
     4    $0.00    $0.00
     5    $0.00    $0.00
     6    $0.00    $0.00
     7    $0.00    $0.00
     8    $0.00    $0.00
     9    $0.00    $0.00
KWIC95    $0.00       NA
KWIC96    $0.00       NA
REDIST/COPY Multiplier Table:

      Range      Multiplier
        1-2       1.00
       3-25       1.50
     26-100       3.00
    101-200       4.00
    201-500       6.00
   501-1000       8.00
 1001 or more    10.00

ARCHIVE Multiplier Table:

      Range      Multiplier
       1-25       1.50
     26-200       3.00
    201-500       6.00
   501-1000       8.00
 1001 or more    10.00

[top]